41. What is ‘Java Native Interface (JNI)’ and when is it used to interact with native code?

  •  JNI is a programming framework that allows Java code to interact with native code written in languages like C and C++. It’s used for platform-specific operations and performance enhancements.

42. Explain the ‘Java Architecture for XML Binding (JAXB)’ and its use for XML data binding.

  •  JAXB is a Java API used to convert XML documents to Java objects (unmarshalling) and vice versa (marshalling). It simplifies XML data binding.

43. What is the ‘fork/join’ framework in Java, and how is it used for parallel processing?

  •  The ‘fork/join’ framework is a Java concurrency framework for parallel processing, especially suited for recursive tasks. It uses a divide-and-conquer approach.

44. Explain the concept of ‘Java Virtual Machine Tool Interface (JVMTI)’ and its use in profiling and debugging Java applications.

  •  JVMTI is a programming interface that allows developers to create tools for profiling, debugging, and monitoring Java applications.

45. What is ‘WebSocket’ in Java and how does it enable bidirectional communication in web applications?

  •  WebSocket is a communication protocol that provides full-duplex, bidirectional communication between a client and server, allowing real-time data exchange in web applications.

46. What is ‘Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP)’ in Java, and how does it differ from OOP?

  •  AOP is a programming paradigm used to modularize cross-cutting concerns, like logging and security, that may affect multiple parts of an application. It complements OOP by separating concerns.

47. Explain the ‘java.util.concurrent’ package in Java, and its role in multithreading and parallelism.

  •  The ‘java.util.concurrent’ package provides classes and utilities for managing and synchronizing concurrent operations, enhancing multithreading and parallelism in Java.

48. What is ‘WebSocket API’ in Java EE, and how is it used for creating WebSocket applications?

  •  The WebSocket API in Java EE allows developers to create WebSocket-based applications for real-time, bidirectional communication over the web.

49. Explain the ‘Java Secure Socket Extension (JSSE)’ and its role in securing network communication in Java.

  •  JSSE is a Java API used for securing network communication through encryption, authentication, and data integrity, ensuring secure connections over the network.

50. What is the ‘Internationalization (i18n)’ and ‘Localization (l10n)’ in Java, and how are they implemented in applications?

  •  Internationalization is the process of designing an application to support multiple languages and regions. Localization is the adaptation of an application to a specific language or region. In Java, these concepts are implemented using resource bundles and locale-specific files to provide translated content.